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6 October 1939

In Berlin…

In a major speech to the Reichstag, Hitler speaks of his desire for peace with Britain and France. Hitler says that up to now he has done nothing more than correct the unjust Versailles Treaty and that he has no war aims against France or Britain. He blames warmongers like

Churchill

for the present state of affairs and calls for a European conference to meet and resolve the few remaining differences.

 

Germany Reichtag Pamtzer in October,6^th.1939

 

German and USSR divided in October,6^th.1949
In Poland… The last remnants of the Polish Army, some 8,000 men, surrender to German forces at ****, in southeastern Poland.

In Finland… The Finns mobilize their standing military forces.

6^th : Polish resistance in the Polish September Campaign comes to an end.

WHAT HAPPENED AFTER THIS

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5 October 1939

: Latvia signs a 10-year Mutual Assistance Pact with the Soviet Union, which allows the Soviets to have 25,000 men in military bases in Latvia. Stalin promises to respect Latvian independence.

In Poland..

. Hitler tours the conquered capital of

 

Warsaw,

reviewing the victory parade, before returning to Berlin.

Meanwhile, German forces continue mopping up operations against Polish troops still at large between

the Vistula

and Bug rivers.

In Germany…

The Nazi anti-Semitic weekly, Der Sturmer, publishes a “Hymm of Hate” calling England the “curse of the world.”

In Moscow…

 

The Soviets continue their moves to strengthen their position in the Baltic by asking the Finnish government for new talks on altering their boundaries. Meanwhile, a Soviet-Latvian Pact is signed, giving the USSR the use of sea and air bases in Latvia. This pact is the second in a series designed to ensure Soviet control of the Baltic.

 

In the North Atlantic..

 

. Eight British and French hunting groups are formed to hunt for the Graf Spee. At this stage the British and the French can afford to divert considerable forces to such a task. Meanwhile, the German pocket

To Be Continued

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4 October 1939
In Occupied Poland…

 

 

 Nikita Krushchev

(Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Party) announces the “Communisation” of eastern Poland.

In Germany…

The Reichstag is summoned to meet on Friday, October 6th.

 

 

In Ireland…

 

U-35

 

lands the 28-man crew of the torpedoed Greek

 

 

transport, SS Diamantis,

on the Kerry coast, in the southwest.
In Britain… Members of the Glamorgan Agricultural Committee met to voice concerns about “gossip and goings-on” between Land Army girls and soldiers billeted around the farms in the area. A strict 9 o’clock curfew was urged for the girls, aged 17 to 40. Alderman David Davis defended the women, saying: “They are good-looking English girls with the right spirit. Good girls do not need looking after.”

to be continued

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3 October 1939
On the Western Front.

.. The British 1st Corps of the BEF

take over responsibility for an appropriate section of

 

the Franco-Belgian frontier.

French forces complete their withdrawal from advanced positions in German territory (the

Warndt Fores and the Saarbrucken Salient).

In Poland…

 

The last significant units of the Polish army surrender near Luck. The Germans have taken 700,000 prisoners and the Soviets 200,000. Polish casualties have been severe.

The Germans have lost 10,000 dead and 30,000 wounded.

Many Poles have escaped and will gradually find their way to the west.

Although tank units have played a notable part in the campaign, it is interesting to note that the contemporary German official appreciation lay more stress on

the traditional-style infantry battles.

The tank forces are seen at this stage, except by enthusiasts like Guderian, as little more than useful auxiliaries who can help the infantry do the real work. The first plans for the attack in the west will reflect this official attitude.

Meanwhile, the German 10th Army begins to redeploys from Poland to the west.

In Britain…

Chamberlain dismisses recent German peace proposals outright

On 3 October 1939,

the British Expeditionary Force took up positions along the border with Belgium, anticipating an invasion by Germany now that the Polish campaign was drawing to a close.

Hitler meanwhile called for a peace conference with Britain and France.

 

The Soviet Union increased the pressure on

Lithuania

 

and Latvia to allow them military bases in those countries.

.the USA will remain neutral in the European war (October 3, 1939)

This was the start of the period whthe USA will remain neutral in the European war (October 3, 1939)ich has become known as the “Phoney War”,

between the fall of Poland in September 1939 and the invasion of France in May 1940.

 As Hetty Munro recorded in her diary in Orkney, “There was some talk about air raid warnings on all the islands in the Flow at different times but everyone said ‘Oh, false alarams’ [sic] and took no more notice.”

 

She caught the prevailing attitude of the time when she noted, “… anyway no one ever saw anything or took any notice of warnings. Why worry?” This attitude would change dramatically and tragically by the end of the following week.

 

Meanwhile, it seems that not everyone took the situation seriously.

The John O’Groat Journal printed a piece about the lack of respect shown to members of the National Defence Companies: “There are some people who seem to think we are a kind of joke, and refer to us, in a scornful way, as ‘E Blin’ Hunder’”. The author pointed out that the companies were made up of elderly or disabled ex-servicemen, and added: “I don’t envy the IRA man or German agent … who would attempt to damage any of the places where the NDC are on guard, for I am afraid they would get short shrift at the hands of the old-timers”. 

In 1939 Britain imported 70 per cent of her food from overseas,

but attacks of German U-boats

on merchant shipping soon threatened supplies. Measures had to be taken to increase crop production across the country. As a first step,

farmers in Scotland were asked to provide information for the Agricultural Executive Committee: in particular, how much livestock they had, how much feed they bought, how much oats and barley they sold, and how much manure and fertiliser they used.

 

Finally, there was some good news this week.

The John O’Groat Journal reported the lifting of restrictions on fishing,

 

 

so the Wick fleet of seine-net fishing boats could operate normally for the first time since war broke out – only for strong gales then to keep the boats in port.

To Be Continued

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2 October 1939

: Latvian representatives negotiate with Stalin and Molotov. Soviets threaten an occupation by force if they do not get military bases

in Latvia.

2^nd : Declaration of Panama is approved by American Republics. Belligerent activities should not take place within waters adjacent to the American continent. A neutrality zone of some 300 miles in breadth is to be patrolled by the U.S. Navy.

In Panama City… The Inter-American Conference, with 21 countries participating, establishes a 300-mile security zone off the American coast in which any act of war is to be interpreted as a hostile act against the country concerned.

In Britain…

Special tribunals begin to deal with an estimated 50,000 enemy aliens registered in the London area.

In France…

 

A Franco-Czech agreement is signed providing for the raising of a Czech National Army in exile.

 

 

In Berlin… The German government advises the United States that all merchant ships in international waters will be subject to boarding by German naval forces to search for contraband.

Over Germany…

The RAF makes its first

nighttime leaflet

raid on Berlin

To Be Continued

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 October,1st.1939

In Poland…

German troops

enter Warsaw

and begin disarming the Polish garrison (estimated to number 100,000 officers and men).

admiral Unrug (R) and admiral Schmundt (L) 1st October 1939

Polish garrison, commanded by Admiral Unrug, on the Hela Peninsula surrenders after a gallant fight. As well as land attacks they have endured a considerable naval bombardment.

In France… Polish cryptologists arrive with a cargo of two Enigma machines.

 

 Enigma encoding machines.

In London…

The first news of the German pocket-battleships,

Graf Spee

and Deutschland, reaches the British Admiralty.

In Britain…

Winston Churchill makes his first radio broadcast of the war, saying the Soviet Union has “pursued a policy of cold self-interest” in Poland. He adds that “we could have wished that the Russian armies should be standing on their present line as the friends and allies of Poland instead of invaders. But that the Russian armies should stand on this line was clearly necessary for the safety of Russia against the Nazi menace.”

To Be Continued

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 September 1939

30 September 1939
In France…

A Polish government in exile is formed.

Raczkiewicz is the new president

and General Wladyslaw Sikorski is the Prime Minister and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces.

In the South Atlantic…

Off Pernambuco, Brazil,

the German pocket battleship Graf Spee sinks

its first merchant ship,

the British steamship Clement (commanded by Captain F. Harris). Before the battle of the River Plate, in December, Graf Spee will only sink 9 ships of 50,000 tons altogether

The Graf Spee in the Kiel Canal before WWII

Model of the Graf Spee:.

30yh : French forces on the French-German border fell back to the Maginot Line in anticipation of a German invasion.^[6]

 

In Romania…

Polish President Ignace Moscicki, presently interned, resigns his post.

From Berlin… Germany notifies Britain that armed merchant ships will be sunk without warning. The decision is claimed to be based on

incidents of British merchant ships attacking German submarines.

In London… The British cabinet authorizes poison gas shipments to France for use if the Germans begin using chemical weapons

To Be Continued

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 September 1939

29 September 1939

 

In Moscow…

Germany and the USSR sign a boundary and friendship treaty.

By its terms Poland is partitioned, giving Germany control over the area generally west of

the Bug River.

 

Germany receives nearly 73,000 square miles of Polish territory, the USSR, 78,000 square miles.

 

While Soviet Union gets slightly more land, the Germans now control the majority of the population (some 22,000,000) and fifty percent of all Polish industry as well as substantial mining centers.

All of Lithuania is transferred to the Soviet sphere of influence. An economic agreement is also signed which includes a Soviet promise to provide Germany with the entire oil output of the Dohowicz fields.

Over Germany…

The RAF lost 5 Hampden bombers in a daylight raid on the Heligoland area.

The raid was in two waves. In the first, 6 Hampdens attacked two German destroyers but did no damage; the second wave of 5 planes was wiped out.

In Britain…

 

A national census is taken to obtain information on rationing and mobilization.

 

In London…

In the House of Commons, Neville Chamberlain says that Britain and France went to war to stop Nazi aggression and nothing has changed that position. Chamberlain is believed to be referring to recent private contacts between German and British representatives that have suggested formal peace negotiations may begin.

In the United States…

In New York city, Fritz Kuhn, the leader of the pro-Nazi German-American Bund, is imprisoned

1. Bill McKechnie: A Great Manager Who Is Often Overlooked

I’m reading the outstanding book 1939 by Talmage Boston. He has an interesting chapter on Bill “Deacon” McKechnie, who, I’m now convinced, is one of the most overlooked managers in the history of baseball.

He has lifetime managing stats very similar to Leo Durocher, who obviously has gotten a lot more notoriety over the years. A possible explanation is that the Deacon, as opposed to Leo, had a bland personality and was once described as being “as drab as a coat of paint.”

He managed 25 years to Leo’s 24; they managed a similar number of games: Deacon – 3607, The Lip -3739; and had similar games won: McKechnie – 1896, Leo – 2008; McKechnie had a .524 winning percentage and Leo had .540. Like Durocher, he had a history of taking doormat teams and converting them into winners within a short period of time. They are both in the top twelve all-time in wins and games managed.

Some of the things I learned about McKechnie from the book:

• His teams won on tight defense, outstanding pitching and good hitting. He was known as the “deacon of defensive baseball.” Baseball historian Edwin Pope observed that during the McKechnie years ”Cincinnati guarded home plate like it was the last penny in Fort Knox.” He took over a Cincinnati franchise that had finished last in 1937 with a 56-78 record, improved the team to 82-68 in 1938, and 97-58 National League pennant in 1939, and World Series Championship on 1940.

• His 1939 Reds team that won the pennant allowed the fewest runs per game 3.87, had the lowest team ERA 3.27, and pitched the most complete games, 86. The team finished second in the league in fielding average, double plays, batting average, and slugging average. And he accomplished all this with players whose names are now largely forgotten. Again, this was a team that was the worse in baseball two years earlier.

• He had an obsession with Abraham Lincoln and was one of the first baseball figures to speak out on the need to integrate the Major Leagues.

• In 1922 he took over a floundering 32-36 Pirates team in July and led them to a third place finish with a 53-36 record for the rest of the year. He decided to play Pie Traynor at third base everyday, launching him on to a Hall of Fame career as one of baseball’s greatest third basemen. The Pirates improved to 87-67 in 1923 and third place. They improved again in 1924 to 90-63, and in 1925 to 95-58 and won the pennant and the World Series – the first Pirate pennant since 1909.

• Managing the Cardinals in 1928, he led them to a 95-59 record and the pennant that year. Through 1928, he had compiled a .589 winning percentage over five and one half years with two pennants with two different teams and a World Series triumph and no finish lower than third place. His teams specialized in defense and winning one-run low scoring games.

• His next stop was Boston in 1930-37 where he managed the league’s completely worst team to a respectable .487 percentage.

• His personal was self-confidence but never arrogant. He treated his players fairly and always took time to explain lineup changes and roster moves to those involved. He was described as “cerebral, not a talker but a listener.” One writer said he was one of the games great strategists, teachers, and psychologists and “could squeeze more baseball out of less talent than any man alive.”

• When asked by Boston owner Judge Fuchs as to why McKechnie was fired in St. Louis, Branch Rickey responded: “Don’t pay any attention to any rumors you hear about why we fired him. They’re all wrong. We like Bill and we think he’s a great manager but we have to fire managers out in St. Louis to furnish divertissement for the fans.”

• When he took over Cincinnati in 1938, they were coming off a 56-98 record and were the worse team in baseball. Two years later in 1939, they won the pennant, and in 1940, they won the World Series. He transformed mediocre pitchers Paul Derringer and Bucky Walters into stars. Derringer was 10-14 in ’37 with a 4.04 ERA. Under McKechnie, he would go 66-33, ERA under 3.00. Same with Walters. Pre-McKechnie, he was 37-53, with ERA over 4.00. Under the Deacon for eight years, he went 152-96 with an ERA well under 3.00. The saying around the Majors was: “If you can’t pitch for McKechnie, you can’t pitch for anyone.”

• He was known to develop his pitchers’ repertoire, fundamentals, conditioning, and, most importantly, control over their temperament. He once said: “If you’re angry, you can’t think, and if you can’t think, you can’t pitch for me.” He refused to allow an angry pitcher to stay in a game no matter how well he was doing. He also improved confidence by sticking with his starting rotation no matter what and rarely upset their rhythm.

• He knew how to pick talent and firmly enforced team rules. He moved on the field with consistent integrity, intelligence, and self-control. He treated umpires with respect but could be firm with them when necessary.

Reds’ skipper, September 29, 1939

 

To Be Continued

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 September 1939

28 September 1939
In Poland… On of the last centers of Polish resistance,

the fortress of Modlin, surrenders to the Germans after an 18-day siege.

The 10 Polish divisions have been encircled

in the city of Modlin,

 

and the area of Kutno,

 

 

since September 10th.

In Moscow…

Talks between German foreign minister Ribbentrop

and Stalin continue.

 

Meanwhile, a Soviet-Estonian Pact is signed,

giving the USSR the use of bases in Estonia. This pact is the first in a series designed to ensure Soviet control of the Baltic.

In the United States…

 

 

The Foreign Relations Committee decides to submit the Neutrality Bill to the US Senate.

 

In London…

The British Admiralty declares that “no British ship has been damaged nor any casualties incurred from German aircraft.” The statement is in response to German radio reports of recent successes against British warships in the North Sea.

 

 

28^th : German-Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty is signed

by Molotov and Ribbentrop.

The secret protocol specifies the details of partition of Poland originally defined in Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (August 23, 1939) and adds Lithuania to the Soviet Union sphere of interest.

28^th :

The remaining Polish army and militia in the centre of Warsaw capitulate to the Germans.

28^th : Soviet troops mass by the Latvian border.

Latvian

air space violated.

28^th :

Estonia signs a 10-year Mutual Assistance Pact with the Soviet Union, which allows

the Soviets to have 30 000-men military bases in Estonia.

 

 

As a gift in return Stalin promises

to respect Estonian independence

To Be Continued

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 September 1939

27 September 1939

: In the first offensive operations by

 

the German Army in Western Europe, guns on

the Siegfried Line open up

 

 

 

on villages behind French Maginot line.

In Poland…

 

Warsaw surrenders

 

 

 

 after

warsawa two days of intensive air and artillery bombardment.

 

The siege has resulted in the deaths of some 2000 Polish soldiers and 10,000 civilians.

A total of 40,000 people are believed to have been killed or injured. About one eighth of the buildings in the city have been destroyed. German forces take about 150,000 prisoners.

General von Blaskowitz,

who received the Polish surrender, allows the Polish officers to eep their swords and promises that the troops will only go into captivity for as long as it takes to “dispose of the necessary formalities.” The terms of the capitulation provide for the immediate relief of the civilian population and the wounded.

In Berlin..

. Hitler tells his service chiefs that he plans to attack in the west as soon as possible and sets the date as November 12th. He has reached this decision entirely on his own. Army representative oppose the decision. Meanwhile, Hitler establishes the Reichssicherheitshauptamt [Reich Chief Security Office] (RSHA) under Reinhart Heydrich, who now heads the Gestapo, the Criminal Police (Kripo) and the Security Service (SD)

In London…

 

Chancellor of the Exchequer

Sir John Simon presents his first War Budget. Income tax is raised from 5/6d (25 1/2p) to 7/6d (37 1/2p) in the pound

To be continued

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