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Showroom :
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DIHC SHOWROOM
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Showcase:
The Indonesian Battaks King Sisingamangaraja Picture,art and document Historic collections
Frame One :
The Chronologic Historic of Sisingamangaraja.
Raja Si Singamangaraja I : Raja Manghuntal
2. Pungga Haomasan
3. Lage Haomasan
4. Hujur Siringis
5. Podang Halasan
6. Taboos SitarapullangNot long after starting Pasaribupun Boru contain. Once pregnant for 19 months Boru Pasaribu birth to a son. The Son is born with teeth that have grown and hairy tongue. During adolescence Singamangaraja much to do or act strange, especially in people who are not forgiving, who broke his promise, forgetting his compatriot a weak, relieve those who tarbeang losing gamble. The Singamangarajapun never showed amazement of people who partied in which gondangnya be silent and paddy and maize roots turned upward following the Si Singamangaraja when dihariara parjuragatan somersaults. This happened because they were forgotten.After the mother’s adult Singamangaraja Boru Pasaribu convey the message of Guru Ompunta Doli that Singamangaraja should take the signs of the kingdom of King Uti. He did not know where the sacred village of King Uti likewise his mother. He went armed with the show and lead prayer walking into the shrine.In the course of many obstacles as well as arrival at the sacred village of King Uti which turned out to exist in the area of Barus. There also he tried but all can be overcome with good. Sisingamangaraja met with King Uti and they eat together and she said: “It is true this is the King of the Batak people.” When finished eating they ask pedigree (martarombo) and Si Singamangarajapun her point, and besides that Sisingamangaraja ask a few elephants. The purpose Over Singamangaraja, King UTI said it would give such a message was conveyed on condition Si Ompunta Singamangaraja need to submit a banana leaf width of leaf thatch, quail tail and rope made of sand. Conditions that prompted the King Uti to get harajaon signs that can be met all the Singamangaraja. Being on the demand for elephant, Raja Uti gave origin Si Singamangaraja can catch yourself. The Singamangarajapun call the elephant saw the astonished King Uti. And after that he brought the signs were returned to the Bakara harajaon including the elephant. With harajaon signs it, be he a king Singamangaraja, mangalompoi lion, Lion naso halompoan.King Sisingamangaraja I to IX, King Si Singamangaraja not known when the death and where his tomb. The kings of this after having offspring and felt it was his successor go there and wander densely packed Piso Gaja not carried. They certainly have died is through the natural signs that there is a branch of a broken hariara Namarmutiha. If there is a broken branch hariara means any family member who died and if the main branch which means broken Si Singamangaraja King was dead. Namarmutiha hariara is also known as hariara mark and is still growing in Bakara.Usually this condition is followed by the dry weather season, so that the community expects rain through tonggo-tonggo King Sisingamangaraja. The Onom Ompu (Bakara, Sinambela, Sihite, Simanullang, Marbun and Simamora) from Bakara prepare margondang ceremony and asked the son of King Si Singamangaraja willingness for them gondangi.
By wearing clothing Batak ulos Jogia Sopipot and lift the dish contains rice bowl magic repose ulos Sande Huliman as conditions martonggo, son of the king even this is welcome to start the show. He also asked gondang and convey tonggo-tonggo (pray) to Ompunta the above to ask for rain, then manortorlah son of this king. At manortor that heaven was overcast and finally heavy rains and society Si Onom Ompupun greeted him with words Horas Horas Horas. Then piso Gaja densely packed even referred to it and removed / drew perfectly from the nest and lifted upward while manortor. Who among the king’s son who can do things on top of it was he who became King Si Singamangaraja the next, so do not have the oldest son.
Respectively be the King The next Singamangaraja and approximate year reign is as follows:
Ø Singamangaraja II, King Tinaruan Ompu
Ø Singamangaraja III, King Itubungna
Ø Singamangaraja IV, Sir Sorimangaraja
Ø Singamangaraja V, King Pallongos
Ø Singamangaraja VI, King Pangolbuk
Ø Singamangaraja VII, sir Ompu Lumbut
Ø Singamangaraja VIII, Ompu Sotaronggal
Ø Singamangaraja IX, Ompu Sohalompoan
Ø Singamangaraja X, Ompu Mr. Na Bolon
Ø Singamangaraja XI, Ompu Sohahuaon
Ø Singamangaraja XII, Patuan Bosar, title Ompu Pulo Batu
King Si Singamangaraja X: Ompu Tuan Nabolon
King Si Singamangaraja X Ompu Mr. Nabolon died because beheaded by Si Pokki Nangolngolan or Tuanku Rao, who with a sly sense to invite the King Si Singamangaraja X to come to Butar. At a meeting in Butar that the Pokki decapitate King Sisingamangaraja X. Chief King is flying away, flying into the lap of his mother Boru Situmorang. By his mother, secretly buried in a large stone in Lumban King, because earlier he had sensed the events that would befall his son.
The body of King Si Singamangaraja X parhorboan lying on the hill, buried in the earth because of the hill suddenly collapsed. King of the Onom Ompu with the followers who accompanied King Si Singamangaraja X and some friends were against the Pokki it dies. But because the Pokki troops who had been hiding came to help the Pokki and the Pokki become stronger, they fled to Mount Immune am left. The Pokki continued to attack and many ditewaskannya Bakara both adults and young children.
According to the Pokki Nangolngolan (Tuanku Rao), he was the son of the King’s sister Sisingamangaraja X who goes to Bonjol. Pokki Nangolngolan said that he had missed the bone and he’ll feed him (manulangi) and will give the piso-piso (money) as an offering. Because the sweet words of the then King Sisingamangaraja this Pokki X went to butar. Although initially he say why the Pokki not come into Bakara.
Because do not get the corpse of King The Singamangaraja X, Tuanku Rao continued to attack the Bakara. Many residents who were killed. His troops burned the entire area in its path from Butar into Bakara including Pande Lumban palace in Bakara.
Wife of the King The first X Singamangaraja namely Boru Situmorang with 2 small children fled to the village of Boho Daily Lintong parents Situmorang. Being the second wife surnamed Nainggolan Boru and his son King Mangalambung kidnapped the Pokki with other children who had expected a son of King Si Singamangaraja X. They were taken to the southeast on the way back to Bonjol. In his travels in South Tapanuli was an outbreak of infectious disease (begu antuk) are also on / attacking forces so Tuanku Rao mess. Prisoners scattered in the South Tapanuli. Some of these scattered settlements in the area make South Tapanuli this.
King Si Singamangaraja XI: Ompu Sohahuaon
Not to mention over the suffering caused by the attack happened also Pokki prolonged dry season. The Society agreed Onom Ompu convey this to the Boru Situmorang and asked him to return to the Bakara. After Boru Situmorang brought her two children back, masyarakatpun requested that they Sohahuaon Ompu gondangi to rain.
Events margondangpun well prepared and Ompu Sohahuaon little dress comes with Batak ulos. Boru Situmorang and the community was shocked and amazed Onom Ompu, because Ompu Sohahuaon young gondang was able to ask and say tonggo-downs tonggo to rain. They chanted with manortor. Haripun darkened by clouds and fell with a heavy hujanpun. Ompu manortor Sohahuaon continue until the end gondang who asked him to. Then handed over to him and Piso Gaja densely packed manortor back while wielding Piso Gaja densely packed perfectly and sheathed again. Ompu Sohahuaon Singamangaraja crowned king of Si XI at the age of 10 years.
In the reign of King Si Singamangaraja XI drafted “Pustaha Harajaon (royal library),” written with ink / Chinese ink on legal-sized paper-made Italian Watermark in writing and Batak language. This library is made of guidance from Ompu Sohahuaon own. Pustaha harajaon consists of 24 volumes, each about 5 cm thick jilidnya whose contents can be briefly described as follows:
Volume 1 to 3: Government Mr Sorimangaraja for 90 derived from the Princess But Donda Nauasan.
Volumes 4 to 7: Government royal Singamangaraja I s / d IX.
Volume 8: About Sword Padri Tuanku Rao against Mr. Nabolon Sisingamangaraja X.
Volume 9: About Pongkinangolngolan and Datu Safe Tagor Simanullang.
Volumes 11 to 12: About Pastor Pilgram, killing of the Reverend Lyman and Munson by King Panggalamei.
Volumes 13-16: The period of rebuilding the capital of the kingdom of Bakara, and regions in 1835-1845 Toba on pembumi hangusan knurl war.
Volume 17: Subject Dr. Junghun, van der Tuuk who come see Sisingamangaraja XI and about photonya.
Vol 18 s / d 24: Coronation of Ompu Sohahuaon be Sisingamangaraja XI, his government until the year 1886 and about a devastating infectious disease in the land of Batak.
In 1884
When Ompu Sohahuaon fell ill, the way the government carried out by King Parlopuk. King Parlopuk long enough to hold the job and properly implemented.
Frame Two : The biography of Sisingamangaraja XII
Sisingamangaraja XII (1849-17 June 1907) is a Batak king who became an Indonesian folk hero for his fight against the Dutch, who killed him in their fight to gain control over the Batak lands
Sumatra Treaty in 1871 marked a new Babakan in the Dutch Colonial government’s ambition to dominate the region of Sumatra. After the Padri War in West sumatra complation. Tapanuli be the next target. Since the Aceh War, most of the area occupied by the army Tapanuli Colonial Occupation. The Dutch also began to put controller in Balige,Tarutung and Sipoholon.
Dutch soldiers lungs kick cuased a strong reaction from si singamaraja XII,King Tapanuli Bosat Patuan Ompu Pulo Batu when seated the throne get the name si Singamagaraja XII was born in Bakkara North Tapanuli 1849. In addition to domicile as a king, he also served as head of the customs as well as religious leader called Parmalin.It provides a high position among his people .this is evident when he took up arms against the Dutch. In that war ,si singamangaraja XII led his ownself against Dutch resistance. The attack on the Dutch outpost in Tarutung,Balige and Bakkara in 1878.In that war,the king of Battaks was working with sseveral Commanders in Aceh and West sumatra, the most succeessful attack happened at the Stone Staies in 1884. Since many experienced defeat, the Netherlands increase the strenght and perform various acts of intimidation and violence. People suspected of helping Si Singamangaraja captured and killed but the opposition still runs. to influence the parties who do not like the position of The Netherlands,si singamagaraja then provide a cash prize of 2000 guilders burning villages and forcing people to pay high fines. Various effort sudden siege and assault were done by Netherlands but didnot show meaningful results. In 1894,King was with his army to face the Dutch army in the amouth of because imported from Medan and Aceh so that its strength of si Singamangaraja Raja Batak Bakkara is survive in the area and make the area as a center of resistance. Through the fierce fighting that eventually fortifications fell into the enemy hands, Then,the defense moved to Pakpak Dairi, a village in the southwest of Lake Toba. Dutch troops succeeded in entering through the North Tapanuli to a par-prisoner of fighters. The place was finally surrounded Dutch demand for surrender was refused and the king of fierce Fighting took place. The Si singamangaraja the slogan ” better dead than live berkalang colonized land” was dfinally killed in 1907 after long thirty years of formating popular resistance to drive out Dutch Tapanuli.
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In the Batak Malim religion Sisingamaraja XII is seen as the prophet of God on earth, his spirit still alive in his successors.
ingamangaraja XII
Si Singamangaraja XII
King Sisingamangaraja XII (Bangkara, Tapanuli, 1849 – Simsim, Tano Batak, June 17, 1907); title Ompu Pulo Batu was a ruler in Tapanuli, North Sumatra in the late 19th century. He died on June 17, 1907 while defending itself from attack Dutch troops. His tomb is in Soposurung, Balige after removed from Tarutung. Sisingamangaraja name derived from Sanskrit which means lion and mangaraja (overlord).
Table of contents
1 Origin
2 Royal King Sisingamangaraja XII
3rd Degree
4 Cap Sisingamangaraja XII
5 References
Origin
Sisingamangaraja, Sisingamangaraja XII dynasty, was a descendant of an officer appointed by the king Pagaruyung very powerful when it is, which comes around North Sumatra to place its officers. [1] In a letter to Marsden years 1820, Raffles wrote that the leaders explain Batak him about Sisingamangaraja which is a descendant of Minangkabau, in Silindung dah that there is a statue of human form is very ancient stone that allegedly brought from Pagaruyung. [2] Until the beginning of the 20th century, Sisingamangaraja still send regular tribute to the leader through the intermediary lord Barus Minangkabau who served Pagaruyung submit it to the leader.
Kingdom King Sisingamangaraja XII
Photo 1907. Dutch soldiers chasing Sisingamangaraja Tele XII in forest areas. Led by Hans Christoffel (holding stick), they posed for a moment in the region Sagala.
Sisingamangaraja is a big name in the history of Batak. He unifying figure. Sisingamangaraja dynasty began in the mid-1500s, when King Sisingamangaraja I who was born in 1515 began to reign. He’s not the first king in there. The government before it was known by the name of anesthetic. The anesthetic is a collection of about seven horja. While one horja consists of 20 huta or villages that have their own leadership. There anesthetic Toba, Patane Bolon, Silindung and so forth.
Of the 12 people who continue the dynasty Sisingamangaraja, Singamangaraja XII is the most popular king and was appointed as a national hero since 9 November 1961. The painting itself is made Augustin Sibarani who later printed in the old money of Rp 1,000, is the only “picture” themselves Sisingamangaraja. He ascended the throne in 1876 succeeded his father Singamangaraja XI named Ompu Sohahuaon.
The coronation of Maharaja Singamangaraja XII as in Toba city simultaneously with the start of open door policy (open-door policy). Netherlands felt the need to secure foreign capital operating in Indonesia are not willing to sign Korte Verkaring (short contract) in Sumatra, especially Aceh and Tapanuli. Both consultants are to open trade relations with other European countries. Holland himself tried to instill in the second monopilinya the sultanate. Different political situation encourages further to give birth to a prolonged battle to tens of years.
One that still continues to be a subject of discussion today, is a fad religion Sisingamangaraja XII. Some believe, he adopted the old beliefs most people Batak. Similar to the two major world religions Islam and Christianity, Batak religion knows only one Almighty, Debata Mulajadi Na Bolon or Ompu Mulajadi Nabolon. Now the old Batak religion is obsolete, though of course the traditional belief is still maintained.
Combat power very long time because in Tunjang by religious teachings of Islam. It is rare to rare in pointed by historians, because it was less relevant to the predicate of a National Hero. Or because of other reasons to feel less need membicarakanya. If you anyway want to talk about religion in embraced by Si Singamangaraja XII, they are more likely to recognize the religious Pelbagu Si Singamangaraja XII. Such Pelbagu animist religions worship the god who knows well. Debata Mulajadi as Mahadeva. Also mengaenal teachings Trine: Guru (god of glory), Ser Debata
One thing which is unacceptable when the Si XII Singamangaraja animistic religion, because we look at Cap Si kalu Singamangaraja XII reads Arabic letters that read: This is the Maharaja in the city of Cap Bakara village of Toba city. Hijrah of the Prophet 1304. On the stamp can be seen clearly the use of Hijra the Prophet. This gives an idea of the influence of Islam that animates self-Si Singamangaraja XII. The letter hobo who was also in the capture, is similar to the actions of Prince Diponegoro who still uses the letters of Java to write letters.
Similarly, if we look at the flag of war. Seen the influence of Islam in the picture kelewang, sun and moon. Will be clearer if we follow the description a few magazines or a Dutch newspaper report on religion in embraced by Si Singamangaraja XII, among others; Volgens berichten van de bevolking Moet de togen, woordige titularis not jaren geleden een 5 tot den Islam jizn bekeerd, Doch hij werd en Islamiet fanatiek Geen Geen oefende jizn Druk op om zich uit te ongeving bekeeren. (Sukatulis, 1907, pp, 1)
According to news from the population, the current king (mean Titularis is Singamangaraja Si XII) since five years ago converted to Islam a fanatic, so he meneka so that people around him change his religion. News on this gives us data that Si Singamangaraja XII Muslim. In addition, the add also about the people who are not Muslim, and Si XII Singamangaraja not hold any other force or pressure. This also give an idea also about control Si Singamangaraja XII against religion itself.
Mohammad Said, in his book Sisingamangaraja XII states likely true that Sisingamangaraja a Muslim. Guidelines derived from information in writing Zendeling Dutch, JH Meerwaldt, who had been a teacher at nearby Narumonda Porsea. Meerwaldt hear Sisingamangaja already embraced Islam.
In the magazine Rheinische Missionsgessellschaft published in 1907 in Germany which states, that Sisingamangaraja, despite the super-natural power to say no to him, to fall, and that the same is true with the shift he became a Muslim and its relationship to the people of Aceh.
Relations with the Dutch attacked Aceh occurred in 1877 Tanah Batak. Because of weak tactically, Sisingamangaraja XII relationships with troops in Aceh and the Acehnese figures of Muslim fighters to boost forces combat capability. He went to the Gayo, Alas, Singkel, and Pidie in Aceh and also take part in war exercises Keumala.
Exchange officer conducted. Aceh trained officers participated in the XII Sisingamangaraja troops to help win the war strategy, while officers continue to be trained in Aceh Batak. One Teacher Mengambat, one warlord Sisingamangaraja XII. Teungku earned a Master Mengambat Aceh.
The information was based on resident LC Kort Verslag Welsink on August 16, 1906. In the note mentioned, a commander named Teacher Mengambat Sisingamangaraja XII of Salak (Kab. Pakpak Hasundutan now) had converted to Islam. This information was obtained by Welsink from Ompu Onggung and Defence Batu.
In a confidential letter to the Departement van Oorlog, the Netherlands, Lieutenant L. van Vuuren and Berenshot on 19 July 1907 states, Dat de Oude S vaststaatdat bet. S. M. Met zijn tot zonns Islamic den Waren over gegaan, al zullen zij wel niet Mohamedan in merg en been geworden zijn / That is definitely S. S. M. old with her sons had converted to Islam, although Islam is not just how pervasive they are in his soul.
Dutch Newspapers Algemcene Handeslsblad on July 3, 1907 edition, as stated Mohammad Said in his book, wrote, “According to the news of the occupation, stop right now the king (ie Sisingamangaraja) since five years ago had embraced Islam. But he is not an Islamic fanatic, so he does not push people around him change his religion. ”
This information further strengthens allegations Sisingamangaraja XII had embraced Islam. Moreover, Islamic patterns seen in the pattern of government administration, such as flags and seals.
Sisingamangaraja XII flag red and white., Bearing the twin swords, moon and stars, similar to the flag of Saudi Arabia now. The difference in the flag Sisingamangaraja XII are located on the right seblah sword is a full moon or full moon, not a crescent. While the star is located on the left has eight serrations, not five as is commonly seen in mosques in other Islamic tradition symbol. However, eight jagged objects could also be interpreted as the sun.
The outside of the stamp which has 12 serrations Sisingamangaraja periphery also use the Hijri era and Arabic letters. But the Arabic alphabet to write the Batak language, “This is the stamp Maharaja in Negri Toba Bakara Village Name Adorned, Hijrat Prophet 1304”. While the script to write Ahu Sahap bataknya ni mian Tuwan Lion Mangaraja Bakara, which means I Cap Mr. Lion Mangaraja enthroned in Bakara.
“Actually, flags and seals that have characterized the mode of Islam in government Sisingamangaraja. Thus a strong possibility he had embraced Islam, but there is no authentic data so it can not be ascertained the truth, “said Chairman of the Council of North Sumatra Aziz Mahmud H Siregar.
For more in-depth conveyed, Dada Meuraxa in his book History of Culture The tribes in North Sumatra. “Sisingamangaraja XII had converted to Islam and circumcised in Aceh when he came to Banda Aceh to ask for help weapons,” said Meuraxa.
In the book mentions Meuraxa, description, according to a source statement, Tuanku Hashim, who quoted her aunt who is also Commander Polem wife who witnessed the ceremony in Aceh.
“Although it is not enough facts Sisingamangaraja a Muslim, but the movement was strongly influenced his life the story of Islam. Up to stamp his own kingdom Arabic script. Flag using the moon and stars two Arabian swords are also given the fact the light, “wrote Dada Meuraxa. After the pastor Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen open post zending in Silindung then worry about power Singamangaraja Netherlands will soon enter the land of Batak. He became leader of the Batak lands against Dutch colonialism. Feeling threatened by Singamangaraja XII then Nomensen ask for the Dutch to send troops to immediately conquer Silindung. On February 6, 1878 Dutch troops arrived in Pearaja, the residence of Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen evangelists, and together with evangelists Nommensen bahal Dutch troops left for Stone to prepare defenses. The Singamangaraja who felt provoked declares war (peacefully) on 16 February. In a war that became famous with Toba War (also called Batak War or War Singamangaraja), the Dutch troops who assisted by Christian Batak troops to combat resistance Singamangaraja, burned dozens of villages, including Bangkara, Singamangaraja XII own village. Singamangaraja forced to resign to the Dairi and from there she was repeatedly attacked the Dutch Singamangaraja named Ompu Pulobatu XII himself, born on February 18, 1845 and died June 7, 1907 in a battle with the Dutch in the Dairi. A bullet penetrated his chest. By the last breath, by gunfire Dutch troops headed by Captain Hans Christoffel, he still says, “Ahuu Sisingamangaraja”.
Speech is synonymous with persistence berjuang.Turut that time also shot his two sons Patuan Nagari and Patuan Anggi, and her daughter Lopian. While the rest of his family captive in Tarutung. That’s the end of the battle against Dutch colonialism in Batak land since 1877. Sisingamangaraja own later interred in a military Holland on June 22, 1907 at Silindung. His shrine is just moved to Soposurung, Balige like this now since June 17, 1953.
Title
Singamangaraja title is a title of hereditary groups who have the privilege authority (Sahala) king of the branch of the clan Sinambela faith, lived in Bangkara. Because of privileges, advantages, wisdom that goes down through the generations they respected most of the Batak, especially from large parts of the clans of Sumba. Indonesia is the national hero who is also called Pulo Batu Ompu is Singamangaraja the twelfth.
Cap Sisingamangaraja XII
Singamangaraja XII has three stamps that have been studied by Uli Kozok in the book “Letters Batak: Batak History of Writing, Script Writing Guidelines Here Batak and Cap Si Singamangaraja XII. New York: Scholastic. 2009
Foto tahun 1907. Tentara Belanda mengejar Sisingamangaraja XII di kawasan hutan Tele. Dipimpin Hans Christoffel (memegang tongkat), mereka berpose sejenak di daerah Sagala.
Sisingamangaraja merupakan nama besar dalam sejarah Batak. Dia tokoh pemersatu. Dinasti Sisingamangaraja dimulai sejak pertengahan tahun 1500-an, saat Raja Sisingamangaraja I yang lahir tahun 1515 mulai memerintah. Dia memang bukan raja pertama di sana. Pemerintahan masa sebelum itu dikenal dengan nama bius. Satu bius merupakan kumpulan sekitar tujuh horja. Sedangkan satu horja terdiri dari 20 huta atau desa yang punya pimpinan sendiri. Ada Bius Toba, Patane Bolon, Silindung dan sebagainya.
Dari 12 orang yang melanjutkan dinasti Sisingamangaraja, Singamangaraja XII merupakan raja paling populer dan diangkat sebagai pahlawan nasional sejak 9 November 1961. Lukisan dirinya yang dibuat Augustin Sibarani yang kemudian tercetak di uang Rp 1.000 yang lama, merupakan satu-satunya “foto” diri Sisingamangaraja. Dia naik tahta pada tahun 1876 menggantikan ayahnya Singamangaraja XI yang bernama Ompu Sohahuaon.
Penobatan Si Singamangaraja XII sebagai Maharaja di negri Toba bersamaan dengan dimulainya open door policy (politik pintu terbuka). Belanda merasa perlu mengamankan modal asing yang beroperasi di Indonesia yang tidak mau menandatangani Korte Verkaring ( perjanjian pendek) di Sumatra terutama Aceh dan Tapanuli. Kedua konsultan ini membuka hubungan dagang dengan negara-negara Eropa lainya. Belanda sendiri berusaha menanamkan monopilinya di kedua kesultanan tersebut. Politik yang berbeda ini mendorong situasi selanjutnya untuk melahirkan peperangan yang berkepanjangan hingga puluhan tahun.
Satu yang masih terus jadi bahan diskusi hingga hari ini, adalah agama yang anutan Sisingamangaraja XII. Sebagian yakin, dia penganut kepercayaan lama yang dianut sebagian besar orang Batak. Mirip dengan dua agama besar dunia Islam dan Kristen, agama Batak hanya mengenal satu Yang Maha Kuasa, Debata Mulajadi Na Bolon atau Ompu Mulajadi Nabolon. Sekarang agama Batak lama sudah ditinggalkan, walau tentu saja kepercayaan tradisional masih dipertahankan.
Daya tempur yang sangat lama ini karena di tunjang oleh ajaran agama islam. Hal ini jarang jarang di kemukakan oleh para sejarawan, karena merasa kurang relevan dengan predikat Pahlawan Nasional. Atau karena alasan-alasan lain merasa kurang perlu membicarakanya. Kalau toh mau membicarakan tentang agama yang di anut oleh Si Singamangaraja XII, mereka lebih cenderung untuk mengakui Si Singamangaraja XII beragama Pelbagu. Pelbagu semacam agama animisme yang mengenal pula pemujaan dewa. Debata Mulajadi sebagai mahadewa. Juga mengaenal ajaran Trimurti: Batara Guru (dewa kejayaan), Debata Ser
Satu hal yang sukar diterima adalah bila Si Singamangaraja XII beragama animisme, karena kalu kita perhatikan Cap Si Singamangaraja XII yang bertuliskan huruf arab berbunyi; Inilah Cap Maharaja di negri Toba kampung Bakara kotanya. Hijrah Nabi 1304. Pada cap tersebut terlihat jelas penggunaan tahun hijriah Nabi. Hal ini memberikan gambaran tentang besarnya pengaruh ajaran Islam yang menjiwai diri Si Singamangaraja XII. Adapun huruf batak yang masih pula di abadikan, adalah sama dengan tindakan Pangeran Diponegoro yang masih mengguakan huruf jawa dalam menulis surat.
Begitu pula kalau kita perhatikan bendera perangnya. Terlihat pengaruh Islam dalam gambar kelewang, matahari dan bulan. Akan lebih jelas bila kita ikuti keterangan beberapa majalah atau koran Belanda yang memberitakan tentang agama yang di anut oleh Si Singamangaraja XII, antara lain; Volgens berichten van de bevolking moet de togen, woordige titularis een 5 tak jaren geleden tot den Islam jizn bekeerd, doch hij werd geen fanatiek Islamiet en oefende geen druk op jizn ongeving uit om zich te bekeeren. ( Sukatulis, 1907, hlm, 1)
Menurut kabar-kabar dari penduduk, raja yang sekarang (maksud Titularis adalah Si Singamangaraja XII) semenjak lima tahun yang lalu memeluk agama Islam yang fanatik, demikian pula dia meneka supaya orang-orang sekelilingnya menukar agamanya. Berita di atas ini memberikan data kepada kita bahwa Si Singamangaraja XII beragama Islam. Selain itu, di tambahkan pula tentang rakyat yang tidak beragama Islam, dan Si Singamangaraja XII tidak mengadakan paksaan atau penekanan lainnya. Hal ini sekaligus memberikan gambaran pula tentang penguasaan Si Singamangaraja XII terhadap ajaran agama itu sendiri.
Mohammad Said, dalam bukunya Sisingamangaraja XII menyatakan kemungkinan benar bahwa Sisingamangaraja seorang Muslim. Pedomannya berasal dari informasi dalam tulisan Zendeling berkebangsaan Belanda, J.H Meerwaldt, yang pernah menjadi guru di Narumonda dekat Porsea. Meerwaldt mendengar Sisingamangaja sudah memeluk Islam.
Di majalah Rheinische Missionsgessellschaft tahun 1907 yang diterbitkan di Jerman yang menyatakan, bahwa Sisingamangaraja, kendati kekuatan adi-alamiah yang dikatakan ada padanya, dapat jatuh, dan bahwa demikian juga halnya dengan beralihnya dia menjadi orang Islam dan hubungannya kepada orang Aceh.
Hubungan dengan Aceh ini terjadi Belanda menyerang Tanah Batak pada tahun 1877. Karena lemah secara taktis, Sisingamangaraja XII menjalin hubungan dengan pasukan Aceh dan dengan tokoh-tokoh pejuang Aceh beragama Islam untuk meningkatkan kemampuan tempur pasukannya. Dia berangkat ke wilayah Gayo, Alas, Singkel, dan Pidie di Aceh dan turut serta pula dalam latihan perang Keumala.
Pertukaran perwira dilakukan. Perwira terlatih Aceh ikut dalam pasukan Sisingamangaraja XII untuk membantu strategi pemenangan perang, sementara perwira Batak terus dilatih di Aceh. Salah satunya Guru Mengambat, salah seorang panglima perang Sisingamangaraja XII. Guru Mengambat mendapat gelar Teungku Aceh.
Informasi itu berdasarkan Kort Verslag Residen L.C Welsink pada 16 Agustus 1906. Dalam catatan itu disebutkan, seorang panglima Sisingamangaraja XII bernama Guru Mengambat dari Salak (Kab. Pakpak Hasundutan sekarang) telah masuk Islam. Informasi ini diperoleh oleh Welsink dari Ompu Onggung dan Pertahan Batu.
Dalam sebuah surat rahasia kepada Departement van Oorlog, Belanda, Letnan L. van Vuuren dan Berenshot pada tanggal 19 juli 1907 menyatakan, Dat bet vaststaatdat de oude S .S. M. Met zijn zonns tot den Islam waren over gegaan, al zullen zij wel niet Mohamedan in merg en been geworden zijn/ Bahwa sudah pasti S. S. M. yang tua dengan putra-putranya telah beralih memeluk agama Islam, walaupun keislaman mereka tidak seberapa meresap dalam sanubarinya.
Surat Kabar Belanda Algemcene Handeslsblad pada edisi 3 Juli 1907, sebagaimana dinyatakan Mohammad Said dalam bukunya, menuliskan, “Menurut kabar dari pendudukan, sudahlah benar raja yang sekarang (maksudnya Sisingamangaraja) semenjak lima tahun yang lalu telah memeluk Islam. Tetapi dia bukanlah seorang Islam yang fanatik, demikian pula dia tidak menekan orang-orang di sekelilingnya menukar agamanya”.
Informasi ini semakin menguatkan dugaan Sisingamangaraja XII telah memeluk Islam. Apalagi terlihat pola-pola Islam dalam pola administrasi pemerintahannya, misalnya bendera dan stempel.
Bendera Sisingamangaraja XII yang berwarna merah dan putih., berlambang pedang kembar, bulan dan bintang, mirip dengan bendera Arab Saudi sekarang. Bedanya bulan dalam bendera Sisingamangaraja XII yang terletak di seblah kanan pedang merupakan bulan penuh atau bulan purnama, bukan bulan sabit. Sedangkan bintang yang terletak di sebelah kiri memiliki delapan gerigi, bukan lima seperti yang biasa terlihat di mesjid dalam lambang tradisi Islam lainnya. Namun benda bergerigi delapan itu bisa juga diartikan sebagai matahari.
Bagian luar stempel Sisingamangaraja yang mempunyai 12 gerigi pinggiran juga menggunakan tarikh Hijriah dan huruf Arab. Namun huruf Arab itu untuk menuliskan bahasa Batak, “Inilah cap Maharaja di Negri Toba Kampung Bakara Nama Kotanya, Hijrat Nabi 1304”. Sedangkan aksara bataknya menuliskan Ahu Sahap ni Tuwan Singa Mangaraja mian Bakara, artinya Aku Cap Tuan Singa Mangaraja Bertakhta di Bakara.
“Sebenarnya bendera dan stempel itu sudah mencirikan corak Islam dalam pemerintahan Sisingamangaraja. Dengan demikian kuat kemungkinan dia sudah memeluk Islam, tetapi tidak ada data otentik jadi tidak bisa dipastikan kebenarannya,” kata Ketua Majelis Ulama Sumut H Mahmud Azis Siregar.
Keterangan lebih mendalam disampaikan, Dada Meuraxa dalam bukunya Sejarah Kebudayaan Suku-suku di Sumatera Utara. “Sisingamangaraja XII sudah masuk Islam dan disunatkan di Aceh waktu beliau datang ke Banda Aceh meminta bantuan senjata,” kata Meuraxa.
Dalam buku itu Meuraxa menyebutkan, keterangan itu berdasarkan pernyataan seorang sumber, Tuanku Hasyim, yang mengutip pernyataan bibi-nya yang juga istri Panglima Polem yang menyaksikan sendiri upacara tersebut di Aceh.
“Walaupun belum cukup fakta-fakta Sisingamangaraja seorang Islam, tetapi gerak hidupnya sangat terpengaruh cerita Islam. Sampai kepada cap kerajaannya sendiri tulisan Arab. Benderanya yang memakai bulan bintang dan dua pedang Arab ini pun memberikan fakta terang,” tulis Dada Meuraxa. Setelah pendeta Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen membuka pos zending di Silindung maka Singamangaraja khawatir kekuasaan Belanda akan segera masuk ke Tanah Batak. Beliau menjadi pemimpin negeri-negeri Batak yang menentang penjajahan Belanda. Karena merasa terancam oleh Singamangaraja XII maka Nomensen minta agar Belanda mengirim pasukan untuk segera menaklukkan Silindung. Pada 6 Februari 1878 pasukan Belanda tiba di Pearaja, kediaman penginjil Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen, dan bersama-sama dengan penginjil Nommensen pasukan Belanda berangkat ke Bahal Batu untuk menyusun benteng pertahanan. Si Singamangaraja yang merasa terprovokasi mengumumkan perang (pulas) pada tanggal 16 Februari. Dalam perang yang menjadi terkenal dengan Perang Toba (juga disebut Perang Batak atau Perang Singamangaraja), pasukan Belanda yang diperbantukan oleh pasukan Batak Kristen untuk memberantas perlawanan Singamangaraja, membakar puluhan kampung, termasuk Bangkara, kampungnya Singamangaraja XII sendiri. Singamangaraja terpaksa mengundurkan diri ke daerah Dairi dan dari situ ia berkali-kali menyerang Belanda Singamangaraja XII sendiri bernama Ompu Pulobatu, lahir pada 18 Februari 1845 dan meninggal 7 Juni 1907 dalam sebuah pertempuran dengan Belanda di Dairi. Sebuah peluru menembus dadanya. Menjelang napas terakhir, akibat tembakan pasukan Belanda yang dipimpin Kapten Hans Christoffel itu, dia tetap berucap, “Ahuu Sisingamangaraja”.
Ucapan itu identik dengan kegigihannya berjuang.Turut tertembak juga waktu itu dua putranya Patuan Nagari dan Patuan Anggi, serta putrinya Lopian. Sedangkan sisa keluarganya ditawan di Tarutung. Itulah akhir pertempuran melawan penjajahan Belanda di tanah Batak sejak tahun 1877. Sisingamangaraja sendiri kemudian dikebumikan Belanda secara militer pada 22 Juni 1907 di Silindung. Makamnya baru dipindahkan ke Soposurung, Balige seperti sekarang ini sejak 17 Juni 1953.
Gelar
Gelar Singamangaraja adalah gelar kelompok turun temurun yang memiliki keistimewaan wibawa (sahala) raja iman dari cabang marga Sinambela, tinggal di Bangkara. Karena keistimewaan, keunggulan, kearifan yang berlangsung turun-temurun mereka dihormati sebagian besar orang Batak, khususnya dari belahan marga besar Sumba. Pahlawan nasional Indonesia ini yang disebut juga Ompu Pulo Batu adalah Singamangaraja yang keduabelas.
Cap Sisingamangaraja XII
Singamangaraja XII memiliki tiga cap yang telah diteliti oleh Uli Kozok dalam buku “Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak, Berikut Pedoman Menulis Aksara Batak dan Cap Si Singamangaraja XII. Jakarta : Gramedia. 2009.
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